How an immune response works
The immune system needs to be able to tell itself from ignorance. It does this by detecting proteins found on the surface of all cells. It learns to ignore its own or its own protein early.
An antigen is anything that can trigger an immune response.
In most cases, an antigen is a virus, a fungus, a virus, toxins or an external body. But it can also be one of our faulty or dead cells. Initially, a series of cell types work together to identify the antigen as an invader.
Role of lymphocytes B
When lymphocytes B detect an antigen, they begin to release antibodies (antigen is short for antibody generators). Immune systems are special proteins that attach to certain antigens.
Each B cell produces one specific antibody. For example, one person may develop an antibody that fights pneumonia, while another may see a common cold virus.
Antibodies are part of a large family of chemicals called immunoglobulins, which play a key role in the body's response:
Immunoglobulin G (IgG) - marks the germs so that other cells can detect and deal with them.
IgM - specializes in disinfection.
IgA - binds to fluids, such as tears and saliva, which protects the gates that enter the body.
IgE - protects against parasites and should also be blamed for allergies.
IgD - is always bound to lymphocytes B, helping them to initiate an immune response.
Antibodies lock the antigen, but it does not kill, marking it only as death. Killing is the work of other cells, such as phagocytes.
Role of T lymphocytes
There are different types of T lymphocytes:
T Helper cells (Th cells) - link the body's response. Some interact with other cells, while others stimulate B cells to produce more antibodies. Others attract more T cells or phagocytes that feed on cells.
Killer T cells (cytotoxic T lymphocytes) - as the name suggests, these T cells attack other cells. They are especially useful in fighting germs. They work by identifying small parts of the virus without infected cells and destroying infected cells.
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