1.Mouth:
The mouth is the first part of the upper intestine and has several structures that begin the first digestive processes. (3) These include salivary glands, teeth and tongue. The mouth consists of two regions; the vestibule and the oral cavity are suitable. The vestibule is the area between the teeth, lips and cheeks, (4) and the other is the right oral space. Most of the oral cavity is filled with oral mucosa, a mucous membrane that produces lubricating mucus, which requires only a small amount. The mucous membrane varies in structure to different parts of the body but all produce sputum, which is secreted by the surface cells or usually by the underlying glands. The mucous membrane of the mouth develops as a thin mucosa that lays the foundation for the teeth. The main component of mucus is glycoprotein called mucin and the secreted type varies according to the region involved. Mucin looks good, clear, and sticky. Beneath the mucous membranes of the mouth is a thin layer of smooth muscle tissue and the loose contact of the membrane gives it great strength. (5) It covers the cheeks, the inner surface of the lips, and the lower lip, and the resulting mucin is highly protective against tooth decay. (6)
The roof of the mouth is called the palate and separates the mouth from the mouth. The palate is hard in front of the mouth since the upper mucosa covers the plate of bones; it is softer and more flexible on the back made of muscle and connective tissue, and is able to swallow food and drink. The soft palate ends in the opening. (7) The surface of the solid palate allows for the necessary pressure to digest food, leaving the nose area clear. (8) The opening between the lips is called the oral fissure, and the opening of the throat is called the fissure. (9)
On both sides of the soft palate are the palatoglossus muscles also reaching the regions of the tongue. These muscles lift the back of the tongue and also close both sides of the faucet to make food swallow. (10): 1208 Mucus assists digestion in its ability to soften and collect food in the formation of a bolus.
2.Salivary glands:
There are three pairs of essential salivary glands and between eight hundred and 1,000 glandular glands, all of which are very effective in the digestive process, and play an important role in maintaining dental health and general oral hygiene, without that expression would not be possible. (11) The main glands are all exocrine glands, which hide through ducts. All of these glands end up in the mouth. The largest are parotid glands — their fluid is very large. The following pairs of lower jaw, underground glands, produce both serous fluid and mucus. Serous fluid is produced by serous glands in these salivary glands that also produce lipase of the tongue. They produce about 70% of oral saliva. The third pair are glands under the tongue and their fluid is very large with small saliva.
Inside the lining of the mouth, and the tongue, hips, and under the mouth, there are small salivary glands; its fluid is mainly mucous and is ignored by the facial nerve (CN7). (12) The glands also release amylase in the first phase of carbohydrate-induced food spoilage to convert starch content into maltose. There are other serous glands on the surface of the tongue that surround the taste buds on the back of the tongue and this also produces lipase. Lipase is a digestive enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of lipids (fats). These glands are named after Von Ebner's glands that have been shown to play another role in secreting early histatins (other than the immune system) that fight germs in food, in contact with these glands in the tissues of the tongue. (13) Neurological information can promote saliva secretion, which provides needed fluid for the tongue to function and to reduce digestion.
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