1.Pharynx.:
The pharynx is part of the respiratory system and is part of the digestive system. It is part of the throat immediately behind the nasal cavity behind the mouth and above the esophagus and larynx. The pharynx is made up of three parts. The two lower extremities - the oropharynx and the laryngopharynx are involved in the digestive system. The laryngopharynx connects to the esophagus and acts as a conduit for air and food. Air enters the throat at the front but anything swallowed is significant and airway obstruction is temporarily blocked. The pharynx is not accessible by the pharyngeal plexus of the vagus nerve.
(10): 1465 The muscles in the pharynx push food into the throat. The pharynx joins the abdomen at the oesophageal insertion site located behind the cricoid cartilage.
2.Esophagus:
The esophagus, more commonly known as a foodpipe or gullet, contains a muscle tube through which food passes from the pharynx to the stomach. The esophagus continues to the laryngopharynx. It passes through the posterior mediastinum to the thorax and enters the abdomen through a hole in the thoracic diaphragm — the esophageal hiophageal, at the level of the tenth thoracic vertebra (T10). Its average length is 25 cm, varying in height. It is divided into parts of the cervix, thoracic and abdomen. The pharynx joins the abdomen in the ruptured space behind the cricoid cartilage.
At rest the esophagus is closed at both ends, with the upper and lower sphincters of the esophageal. The opening of the upper sphincter is caused by the swallowing reflex so that food is allowed. The sphincter also works to prevent back flow from the esophagus to the pharynx. The esophagus is made up of mucous membranes and the protective epithelium is gradually replaced by the volume of food passing through the esophagus. During swallowing, food passes from the mouth through the pharynx to the esophagus. The epiglottis wraps up to a point where it directs food to the port, and away from the trachea.
Once in the esophagus, the bolus descends to the abdomen with a contraction of the rhythm and relaxation of muscles known as peristalsis. The lower esophageal sphincter is a muscle sphincter around the lower part of the throat. Abdominal contact between the abdomen and the abdomen is controlled by the lower sphincter of the esophageal, which remains tight at all times without swallowing and vomiting to prevent the contents of the stomach from entering the cavity. Since the esophagus does not have the same acid-like protection as the stomach, any failure of this sphincter can lead to heartburn.
(10): 1465 The muscles in the pharynx push food into the throat. The pharynx joins the abdomen at the oesophageal insertion site located behind the cricoid cartilage.
2.Esophagus:
At rest the esophagus is closed at both ends, with the upper and lower sphincters of the esophageal. The opening of the upper sphincter is caused by the swallowing reflex so that food is allowed. The sphincter also works to prevent back flow from the esophagus to the pharynx. The esophagus is made up of mucous membranes and the protective epithelium is gradually replaced by the volume of food passing through the esophagus. During swallowing, food passes from the mouth through the pharynx to the esophagus. The epiglottis wraps up to a point where it directs food to the port, and away from the trachea.
Once in the esophagus, the bolus descends to the abdomen with a contraction of the rhythm and relaxation of muscles known as peristalsis. The lower esophageal sphincter is a muscle sphincter around the lower part of the throat. Abdominal contact between the abdomen and the abdomen is controlled by the lower sphincter of the esophageal, which remains tight at all times without swallowing and vomiting to prevent the contents of the stomach from entering the cavity. Since the esophagus does not have the same acid-like protection as the stomach, any failure of this sphincter can lead to heartburn.
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